African Feminist Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery Statement

Dear Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Dr. Donald Kaberuka, Mr. Tidjane Thiam, Mr. Trevor Manuel and Mr. Benkhalfa Abderrahmane,

We write this letter to you in your capacities as the Special Envoys that the African Union has mandated to mobilize international support to address the coronavirus pandemic in Africa. We are a constellation of African feminists who are steeped in pan-African visions for a liberated Africa. These visions enable us to dare to believe that there are ample solutions and resources to the many pandemics that our continent faces. We are part of various communities, formations, sectors and disciplines including law, feminist organizing, fund mobilization, economics, land and agrarian rights, health, cultural production, development studies, food sovereignty, tax justice, ecological work inter alia.

We need solutions and COVID-19  has  provided us with an opportunity to re-imagine African political  economies.  This moment requires a pan-African response that creates an enabling environment for people and movement led economic work, including but not limited to cooperative and solidarity economics, to be given the support and space to flourish. COVID-19 needs to be a turn-around point from orthodox laissez-faire models and overly financialized states. This crisis is an opportunity to dislodge structural inequality and re-frame the political economy which contributed to this tipping point. We have been actively working on, producing data and building ground up movements since structural adjustment. Most of us – like yourself – lived through Structural Adjustment Programs and the hollowed states that remained. The financial crisis of 2008 was an acute rupture of globalization and a reminder that unfettered markets cannot be the primary arbiter of wealth and economic distribution. Our states in all their imperfection are the tangible entities where we reside, produce, consume and eventually will be laid to rest.

The  credit crisis  was enormous and pervasive, and it altered our world in ways we are still realizing. Sadly though, any crisis can seem banal and even invisible. People adapt and come to accept the changes wrought by crisis. This cannot be the case here. The resilience of market logic has taken hold and flattened markets to the extent that economic orthodoxy and neo-liberal forms of production are viewed not just as coincidences of  globalization but rather the natural order of our universe. COVID-19 has flattened that universe and we have the chance to reframe state capacities and the draconian measures that they often use to enforce social order in a fragile time.

Initiatives like the African Charter for Popular Participation for Development, the UN New Agenda for Development of Africa vision 2020, the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) have not yielded substantive dividends. If the sum total of all these previous initiatives has brought us to this moment, we need to rethink our options. We need a deeper re-orientation of African development which goes beyond COVID-19.

As Africa now moves towards raising increased financial support in response to the impacts of the pandemic, the weaknesses of dominant policy templates and development financing models must no longer compromise the autonomy of African states to effectively deliver the mandate of Africa’s people. African “growth” over the last twenty years has been accompanied by pervasive unemployment, whilst wealth and inequality gaps are now at their highest levels. Decades of reduced public spending has left millions without access to basic services such as healthcare, whilst the movement towards privatising those services and resources (including water and energy) further compromises equitable access as a result of basic services being commodified and subject to market rules and shareholder needs. Meanwhile, the tunnel visioned policy focus on industrial and export-orientated agriculture has failed to deliver food security for Africa. Additionally, the lack of investment in localised food systems that center food sovereignty has had detrimental impacts on African biodiversity and climate resilience.

The gender dimensions of prevailing policy models are still not fully acknowledged or considered, including how those models deepen women’s economic inequality by exploiting their labour inside and outside the home; invisible, poorly paid, unpaid, and insecure. As COVID-19 continues to move across the continent, the absence of social safety nets needed by women due to their greater fiscal precarity in the face of economic shocks has exposed the failures of a development trajectory currently prioritizing productivity for growth over the wellbeing of African people. Indeed COVID-19 has made evident what feminists have long emphasized: that the profits made in economies and markets are subsidized by women’s unpaid care and domestic work–an essential service that even the current pandemic has failed to acknowledge and address in policy.

We have history on our shoulders which requires us to reflect strongly and honestly about the repercussions of continuing on this dogmatic debt track. We are soliciting funds while Africa has a net capital outflow of money. What posterity does this offer future generations? We are concerned about the forms and sources of finance and the accompanying  conditionalities. In past generations these have increased our burden of unpaid work on African women. We have  the feminist hope and expectations that your plans for this continent are in alignment with a progressive, forward looking vision. COVID-19 has shown us where our  structural weaknesses are and history has shown us that old ways are not working.

We call on you to ensure that you create an open, inclusive and transparent process to shape how you undertake the work and interpret what your efforts at mobilizing support produces. This process needs to move beyond just including ‘expert economists’ to also include groups which have been thus far marginalized by the current economic model. In light of this, we would like to begin a conversation with you. We want to hear your thoughts and vision for African countries, African economies, resource mobilization and African peoples beyond COVID-19. We would like an audience with you to discuss this further, including through a webinar. There are more crises coming our way and we want to support co-creative futures thinking. Below is a set of recommendations we want to put forward as the first step in our engagement.

Recommendations

Acknowledge that all African constitutions guarantee the fundamental right to equality – and that this needs to underpin the vision and direction of any policy including economic and social policy around COVID-19 response and recovery. This necessarily means policy interventions and budgetary allocations that seek to reinforce rights for those most marginalized by current policies and thus more heavily affected by COVID-19 impacts including women broadly but also intersecting axes of structural marginalization including economic status/class, disability, HIV status, sexual orientation and gender identity.

Localized food supply chains should be bolstered with monetary and resource support going directly to support small-holder farmers across Africa, the guardians of biodiversity, Indigenous seed, and land. Ministries of Agriculture across the continent should collaborate with the economic, climate, and food sovereignty movements across Africa to divest from industrialized agriculture and to support the implementation of agroecology, including the right of farmers to to save and share seed, in communal, national, regional and pan-African spaces. Additionally, the colonial legacy of  resource extraction from Africa through export facing trade practices needs to be upended. In terms of food the insistence on monocropping for the export market has decreased the diversity of crops necessary for a balanced and nutritional diet in our own communities and has displaced Africans from their lands by giving millions of hectares of land to private enterprises by incentivizing the implementation of corporate-backed initiatives. This is despite the fact that it is small-holder and subsistence farmers across Africa who feed the majority of people in Africa and not corporations.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has demonstrated the clear link between health and environment. Thus, maintaining the integrity of Africa’s ecosystem while enabling communities to derive livelihoods and benefit from natural resources should be part of any economic recovery plan. Rather than focus on market based interventions to conservation, African governments need to prioritize conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity for the benefit of communities who are custodians of the resources and whose livelihoods are directly dependent on natural resources.

The role of the State has been consistently hollowed out since the introduction of structural adjustment programmes and requires reinvigoration, through the direct participation of African peoples charting the way, to be the guarantor of rights, and arbiter of socio-economic distribution and equitable access to social infrastructure. This necessitates the decommodification of, and institution of, basic universal access to land, water, food, healthcare, education, housing, sanitation, electricity and information technologies.  Public-Private Partnerships have dangerously obscured the role of states and created undemocratic hierarchies of access resulting from user fees. Access to energy, education, transport and healthcare for example facilitate the social reproduction and survival of unemployed, working class and agrarian households in the absence of adequate state provisioning.

According to the ILO, “informal employment is the main source of employment in Africa, accounting for 85.8 per cent of all employment” with “almost all of the agricultural sector in Africa [being] informal [at] 97.9 per cent”. The informal economy, or rather the popular  or horizon economy, is the engine of African markets. States must use this opportunity to re-orientate economic models and protections to recognise that African economies are predicated on this invisibilized work. This economy is treated as ‘adjacent’ or  ‘informal’ primarily because it is largely driven by the labour of women. Measures like GDP and GNP are ineffective measures of the enterprise that occurs in this sector. Accordingly, all workers must be guaranteed a dignified wage, safety protections in their work space, and paid sick leave.

No turnaround in Africa’s socio-economic fortunes will happen without recognizing the economic, social, political and cultural value of the care economy–where the provisioning of care goods and services to households and the economy is predominantly through women’s invisibilized, unpaid and domestic labour, but also in many forms of popular/horizon sector, migrant and public sector jobs that are precarious, badly paid and without labour protections. Governments have increased the burden on women by  increasing reproductive care and domestic work, because they have consistently withdrawn from their internationally recognized human rights obligations to promote social rights and equity. The time is well overdue for policies that recognize the centrality of care work for health systems and the economy, meaning governments must roll out various support measures for a resilient care sector that does not rely on the exploitation of women in the home and in the workplace.

It is vital to reinforce prioritization of government budgetary investment in social protections including quality and accessible social services for all populations. This is a decisive moment and opportunity for African states to not only rebuild their administrative and resource capacity to deliver social services, but also recover their standing in the eyes of African people.

It is necessary to consider responses that do not just seek to address direct impacts of COVID-19 but build the broader strength of health and social protection systems horizontally, acknowledging that this is fundamentally political, and about designing and sustaining systems for the wellbeing of the majority. There have been several epidemics and pandemics affecting the African continent and COVID-19 won’t be the last. In fact, the lack of health and research infrastructure for others, like HIV/AIDS and malaria, have become worryingly normalized. Furthermore, it needs to be stated clearly that outsourcing this work to philanthrocapitalists is a failed strategy and perpetuates a narrative that the African state is incapable of providing for African peoples. It further privileges white male philanthrocapitalists, vesting a few western voices with far more volume than entire African nations. They do not have an interest in systemic solutions because to achieve those solutions would require dislodging them from the centers of power they are invested in fortifying.

Patent protections and other intellectual property laws have further consolidated a commodified approach to health care in Africa. In recent memory is the fight for African peoples to be able to access ARVs, a fight that took millions of lives because the profit margins of corporations were put ahead of saving the lives of African peoples. We cannot afford to keep repeating the same mistakes perpetually. Knowledge cannot be a commodity, all vaccines and medicines related to COVID-19 and beyond must be universally accessible for all  people, as should the related knowledge.

Beyond the request for debt moratoriums in response to COVID-19, debt cancellation should be a priority. Conditionalities surrounding financial assistance to the continent must also be rejected by African governments. Conditionalities will impact on the ability of states to deploy socially responsive policies such as those recommended above, and in particular terms that push for increased privatization of key services (including further deregulations of private sector engagement), should be thoroughly critiqued and fought against by a united African front.

Increased Foreign Direct Investment should be solicited without the promise of tax breaks that effectively act as loopholes;  multi / transnational companies making profits on African soil need to pay their dues for the needs of African people first, before their shareholders. Only by pursuing and enforcing a progressive tax policy that targets transnational corporations in particular will the African tax deficit be addressed.  This will be critical for African revenue raising if economic recovery from COVID-19 beyond the short and medium term is to be realized, and our external debt reliance is to be decreased.

One of the impulses of neo-liberal economics is to treat African peoples as collateral in economic processes and negotiations. The needs of African communities and the sustainable use of natural resources (ever more important in this rapidly deepening climate crises) continue to be subordinated to make way for development plans that prioritize short term gain at the expense of the earth and African peoples well-being in the short, medium, and longer term. Because  African communities are the custodians of the land and environment, those same  communities must be able to veto any finance or development projects being proposed. Indeed all Africans should be informed and provide prior consent to any consultation or large scale policy process.

Sincerely,

1. Lebohang Liepollo Pheko, Senior Research Fellow at Trade Collective, Afrikan Feminist, South Africa/Lesotho

2. Fatimah Ya-Fanah Kelleher, Women’s economic justice technical and strategic adviser (independent) / Writer, Nigeria / UK
3. Luam Kidane, Eritrea/Pan-African
4. Hakima Abbas
5. Lyn Ossome
6. Nancy Kachingwe, Gender and Public Policy Advisor, Independent, Malawi/Zimbabwe
7. Masego Madzwamuse, Chief Executive Officer-Southern Africa Trust
8. Âurea Mouzinho, Economist and Feminist Activist, Angola
9. Felogene Anumo
10. Mwanahamisi Singano
11. Sibongile Ndashe, Executive Director-Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa, South Africa
12. Wangari Kinoti, Feminist activist and policy advisor, Kenya
13. Olabukunola Williams
14. Coumba Toure, Coordinatrice-Africans Rising, Senegal
15. Dzodzi Tsikata, University of Ghana, Ghana
16. Amina Mama, Feminist Africa journal, Nigeria
17. Crystal Simeoni, Pan African Feminist Economic Justice Activist, Nairobi, Kenya
18. Memory Zonde Kachambwa, Executive Director, African Women’s Development and Communication Network- FEMNET- Pan-African
19. Leopoldina Fekayamãle, Ondjango Feminista, Angola
20. Isabel Gavião, Ondjango Feminista, Angola
21. Sizaltina Cutaia, Ondjango Feminista, Angola
22. Rosimira Quitombe
23. Cecília Kitombe, OF, Angola
24. Laurinda, Ondjango Feminista, Angola
25. Fikile Vilakazi, Young Women with Vision of South Africa, South Africa
26. Wunpini Mohammed, Penn State, United States
27. Nada Ali, Sudan/USA/UK
28. Esther Ajayi-Lowo , PhD Candidate, Texas Woman’s University, Nigeria
29. Lilian Lem Atanga, Proffesor at University of Bamenda, Cameroon, Cameroon
30. Beatrice Ndefon, Administrator, Cameroon
31. Ousseina Alidou, Dept. African, Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Literatures, Niger and USA
32. Esther Omam, Reach Out, Cameroon
33. Sharon Omotoso, Women’s Research and Documentation Center(WORDOC), Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
34. Hope Chigudu, Hopeafrica, Zimbabwe
35. Samuel Orovwuje, Humanitarian Care for Displaced Persons, Nigeria
36. Zuleika Sheik, Erasmus University Rotterdam, South Africa and the Netherlands
37. Philile Ntuli, Miss, South Africa
38. Sybil Nandi Msezane, Black Tower Foundation, South Africa
39. Xeenarh Mohammed, The Initiative for Equal Rights, Nigeria
40. Leonora Breedt, Ezabangoma healers, South Africa
41. Bunmi Dipo-Salami, Executive Director, Nigeria
42. Anne Adidu-Lawal, Baobab for Women’s Human Rights, Nigeria
43. Jill Bradbury, South Africa
44. Njoki Njehu, Daughters of Mumbi Global Resource Center, Kenya
45. Kirsten Pearson, Budget Justice Coalition, South Africa
46. Lindiwe Mkhize, South Africa
47. Catherine Gatundu, ActionAid International, Kenya
48. Iheoma Obibi, Alliances for Africa, Nigeria
49. Korto Williams, Liberia Feminist Forum, Liberia/Kenya
50. Charlotte Malonda, Women Lawyers Association Malawi, Malawi
51. Xana McCauley, Rev, South Africa
52. Saydoon Nisa Sayed, South Africa
53. Laura Pereira, Senior lecturer/ Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, South Africa
54. Vanessa MAVILA, Fondation Eboko, France and Congo
55. Jessica Oluoch, KELIN Kenya, Kenya
56. Unathi Ndiki, The Totalshutdown movement, South Africa
57. Patricia Blankson Akakpo, Network for Women’s Rights in Ghana (NETRIGHT), Ghana
58. Deborah, Senior Research Fellow/Insitute of African Studies-University of Ghana, Ghana
59. Maybe Zengenene, Graduate Student, Airlangga University, Indonesia, Zimbabwe
60. Nadia Ahidjo, Program Coordinator, Open Society Initiative for West Africa, Cameroon/Senegal
61. AdeolaAwogbemi , ED, First Future Leadership, Nigeria
62. Taiwo Adetunji, Strong Enough Girls’ Empowerment Initiative, Nigeria
63. Ngozi NwosuJuba, Vision Spring Initiatives, Nigeria
64. Dee Smythe, Centre for Law & Society UCT, South Africa
65. Chenai Chair, African feminist, South Africa/Zimbabwe
66. Abosede George, Barnard College, United States
67. Peruth Nabirye, Director Child Youth Health Initiative, Uganda
68. Nuru Kondo, Hospital, Tanzania
69. Adjaratou Fatou Ndiaye
70. Joanna Forster, ACDHRS, Gambia
71. Teresa Mugadza, Zimbabwe
72. Zabib Musa Loro, Founder and Director/ Islamic Development and Relief Agency, South Sudan

73. Lakshmi N. Moore, Liberia Feminist Forum, Liberia
74. Fikile Pato, Miss, South Africa
75. AGUEH Gloria, Chairperson / Réseau des Femmes Leaders pour le Développement, Benin
76. Rachel Kagoiya, FEMNET, Kenya
77. Leopoldina Fekayamãle, Ondjango Feminista, Angola
78. Tilder Kumichii, CEO, Gender Empowerment and Development – GeED, Caneroon
79. Emma Mogak, Akili Dada, Program Lead – Feminist Movement Building and Advocacy, Kenya
80. Cynthia Ny, Cameroon
81. Adanma Otuonye, Sparks Consults, Nigeria
82. Michelle Hakata, Zimbabwe
83. Zoneziwoh Mbondgulo-Wondieh, Women for a Change, Cameroon, Cameroon
84. Angelina Canguenha, Ondjango Feminista, Angola
85. Navonine Agnes Kuoh N., CEO/Founder Agui Foundation, Cameroun
86. Shailja Patel, Research Associate, Five College Women’s Studies Research Center, Kenya, USA
87. Zainab Abdullahi, Daraja reube mbororo development association, Cameroon
88. Fatime Faye, Société civile, Forum Féministe Sénégalais, Sénégal
89. Rethabile Mosese
90. Monica Ndunge, Do It With Boldness Foundation/Volunteer, Kenya
91. Facia B. Harris, Member/ Liberia Feminist Forum, Liberia
92. Antonia Musunga, Fight inequality Alliance, Kenya
93. Marieme Kane, Senegal
94. Aisha Kamara, ActionAid, Liberia
95. Sokari Ekine, Republic of Spirit Desire, Nigeria, UK, USA
96. Isatu Ville Cheeks , Liberia Feminist Forum, Liberia
97. Isatu Ville Cheeks , Liberia Feminist Forum, Liberia
98. Nkaleu Lydienne, Comité d’Assistance à la Femme Nécessiteuses du Cameroun (CAFENEC), Cameroun
99. Caroline Bowah, Liberia Feminist Forum, Liberia
100. Pauline Kenmogne Matchim, Association Femmes Et Enfants, membre de la plateforme  de BEIJING+25 CAR, Cameroun

101. Gradiah Walker Bou Hussein, Liberia
102. Gloria Yancy, Liberia Feminist Forumlol, Liberia
103. Fatoumata Adelle Barry, Medical Doctor / Writer / LivresNiger, Niger
104. Naadira Munshi, PSI, South Africa
105. Chue Goah Roberts, Program officer, Actionaid Luberia, Liberia
106. Abyan Mama-Farah, UCSD School of Medicine, United States
107. Clemence Leonie Yanke, Fondation Nyb Shalom, Cameroon
108. Rossanna Carvo, Angola
109. Tuduetso Mooketsi, Botswana
110. Naomi Tulay-Solanke \, Executive Director/ Community Healthcare Initiative, Liberia
111. Endouh Anna Yerimah, Building Together Consulting, Cameroon
112. Linda Kunje
113. Njenu Veronica, CEO of women as Agents of Transformation (WAAT), Cameroon
114. Minna Salami, MsAfropolitan, United Kingdom
115. Pumla Dineo Gqola, Proffesor, Nelson Mandela University, South Africa
116. Simamkele Dlakavu, University of Cape Town , South Africa
117. Janepher Taaka, Frelance, Uganda
118. Balkissa Daouda Diallo, PhD Student, Niger
119. Corinne Knowles, Rhodes University, South Africa
120. Mamadi, Director of postgraduate studies. University of Fort Hare, South Africa
121. Aisha Ahmed, Covid19: Feminist Space, Nigeria
122. Saida Ali, Kenya
123. Mpumi Mathabela, Coordinator – One in Nine Campaign, South Africa
124. Tracy Jean-Pierre, Enza, South Africa
125. Sophie Otiende, Kenya
126. Patricia Servant, Founder / Congo Love , United States of America
127. Cynthia Akueya Nchaw, Mbonweh Woman Development Association (MWDA), Cameroon

128. Gabriel Hoosain Khan, Office for Inclusivity and Change at the University of Cape Town, South Africa
129. Sheila Ramirez
130. Thando Gumede, Chief Executive Officer, South Africa
131. Mariama Sonko, Nous Sommes la Solution, Sénégal
132. Tunu Ramtu, Kenya
133. Linda Magano Baumann, National CSO, Namibia
134. Anneeth Kaur Hundle, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, University of California Irvine, USA/Uganda
135. Everjoice Jeketa Win, Zimbabwe
136. Kavira Linda, Action de protection Mère et Enfant “APME”, République Démocratique du Congo
137. Julia Matimolane, South Africa
138. Akosua Adomako Ampofo, Universty of Ghana, Ghana
139. Cebile Dlamini, Secretary General for Swaziland Rural Women’s Assembly, Swaziland
140. Shirley Walters, Professor Emerita, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
141. Irene, Namibia
142. Mufuliat Fijabi, Nigerian Women Trust Fund, Nigeria
143. Eniyan Development Initiative For Gender Justice, Eniyan Development Initiative, Nigeria
144. Astrid von Kotze, Proffesor, UWC, South Africa
145. Ruth Mattison, Training for Transformation, South Africa
146. Gertrude Dzifa Torvikey, Feminist Africa, Ghana
147. Mariam Kirollos
148. Rike Sitas, African Centre for Cities, South Africa
149. herschelle milford, South Africa
150. جوهرة مدكور
151. Pontso Mafethe, Lead Consultant, HoBWE
152. Keamogetswe Seipato, South Africa
153. Annette Wangongu, Feminist Litigation Network Manager/Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa, Kenya
154. Ronel Stevens, South Africa
155. Kamy Lara, Ondjango Feminista, Angola
156. Stacey Sutton, Professor, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
157. Okeke Ngozi J., WIPGG Nigeria, Nigeria
158. Fatou Sow, African Feminist Forum, Sénégal
159. Solome Lemma
160. Mariam Dia, Cofulef, Convergence Des Femmes Universitaires Versitaires Pour Le Leadership Feminin, Senegal
161. Pamela Nwakanma, PhD Candidate, Harvard University, United States/Nigeria
162. Debaye Mornan, Colombia
163. Yannia Sofía Garzón Valencia, Asociación de Economistas Negras, Colombia
164. Duru Blessing, ALLIANCES FOR AFRICA, NFF, Nigeria
165. Colette Solomon, Women on Farms Project, South Africa
166. Mahlet H. Seifu, Development practitioner , Ethiopia
167. Nkoli Aniekwu, University of Benin, Nigeria
168. Amie Joof Cole, FAMEDEV- Inter Africa Network for Women, Media, Gender and Development
169. Purity Kagwiria, Kenya
170. Rama Salla Dienf, Senegal
171. Nokwanda Maseko, South Africa
172. Fatma Oussedik, Université d’Alger 2, Algérie
173. Rose Ndengue, Université de Rouen, Cameroun
174. Rokhaya Daba FALL, CEO, Sénégal
175. Roseli Finscue Chavaco, Consejo Regional Indigena Del Cauca Programa Mujeres, Colombia
176. Cynthia Ny, Cameroon
177. African Women’s Development Fund (AWDF), Africa Regional
178. Maria Paula Meneses, Doctor, Moçambique
179. Ophelia Kemigisha, Uganda
180. BVDA, Rwanda
181. Colleen Lowe Morna, Gender Links, South Africa
182. Evernice Munando, Female Students Network Trust (FSNT), Zimbabwe
183. Elizabeth Kayanga , Integrated Disabled Women Activities, Uganda
184. Mrs Theresa Ukeme, Ini Creative Centre For Development, Nigeria
185. Phelister Abdalla , National Coordinator – Kenya sex workers Alliance (KESWA), Kenya
186. Hannah Kigamba, Secretary of Board of Trustee/Director Diabetes Awareness Trust, Kenya
187. Annet Lekuru, Feminature Uganda, Uganda
188. Marie-Pierre Mbaye, Senegal
189. Lesley Ann Foster, Masimanyane Women’s Rights International, South Africa
190. Juliet Kushaba, ArtVism, Uganda
191. Massan dAlmeida, XOESE, Le Fonds pour les Femmes Francophones, Togo
192. Joyce Nangobi , Executive Director, Uganda
193. Naomi Tulay Solanke, Community Healthcare Initiative, Liberia
194. Mawulawoe Anato-Dumelo , Executive Director, Network of Women In Growth, Ghana
195. Musu Bakoto Sawo, National Coordinator, Think Young Women, The Gambia
196. Ruth Kihiu, Pastoral Women’s Council (PWC), Tanzania
197. Rachael Muhindo, Twase women development trust, Uganda
198. Nasilele Limbali, Executive Director – Ndola Nutrition Org. Women’s League, Zambia
199. Esther Harawa, Gender and Protection Coordinator, Malawi
200. Naana Abena Afadi, Program Manager, Women and Youth Forum for SustainableDevelopment, Ghana
201. Diana Mary Agabi, ABANTU FOR DEVELOPMENT, Nigeria
202. Fatima Suleiman, Executive Director, lslamic Counseling Initiatives or Nigeria(ICIN) Nigeria
203. Mageda Esolyo, Communications and campaign officer, Women Global Network for Reproductive Rights, Kenya
204. Evodius Gervas, Tanzania
205. Edah Gondwe Chimya, Executive Director/ Zambia Alliance of Women, Zambia
206. Edith Ssali, Executive Director Women Leadership Development – WLEDE, Uganda
207. Sybil Nmezi, Generation Initiative for Women and Youth Network (Giwyn), Nigeria
208. Cécile Thiombiano, Présidente, Burkina Faso
209. Milka Wahu, Amka Africa Justice Initiative, Kenya
210. Tina Thiart, 1000 Women Trust/WomensNet, South Africa
211. Stigmata Tenga, Executive Director, Africa Philanthropy Network (APN), Tanzania
212. Elizabeth Ddungu, Nnabagereka Development organisation, Uganda
213. Régine T Zombra, Présidente de l’Association Catholique pour le Développement Socio-économique (ACDS), Burkina Faso
214. Hala Al Karib, SIHA, Sudan
215. Hansatu Adegbite, Executive Director, WIMBIZ, Nigeria
216. Sofia Cassimo, FEMME-National Federation Business Women, Mozambique
217. Sylvie BAHATI KABEYA, Réseau Associatif pour la Psychologie Intégrale, RAPI Asbl, République Démocratique du Congo
218. Emang Basadi Association, Botswana
219. Charity Afio Nketiah, Iseguri Initiative, Ghana
220. Ida Mokereitane, Botswana
221. Larissa Kojoué, Researcher in political science, Cameroon
222. Tracy Jean-Pierre, Enza , South Africa
223. Advocate Tarisai Mchuchu-MacMillan, MOSAIC Training Services and Healing Centre for Women, South Africa
224. Doreen Mwobobia, Team Lead- Education and Socio-Economic Empowerment Initiative, Kenya
225. Edna Tembo, Executive Director. Coalition of Women Living with HIV and AIDS (COWLHA), Malawi
226. Sikhathele Matambo, Emthonjeni Women’s Forum, Zimbabwe
227. Marie-Pierre Sarr, Présidente d’honneur association sénégalaise des femmes diplômées des universités, Sénégal
228. Florence Awir, Chairperson/Human Rights Activist-Club Humanitarian Outreach Ministries (CBO), Uganda
229. Huguette RUSABIKA, Directrice Exécutive de l’organisation Focus Droits et Accès République Démocratique du Congo
230. Everlyne Khaemba, Pambazuko La Wanawake Magharibi, Kenya
231. Amina Salihu, Habiba Dangana Foundation – Team Lead, Nigeria
232. Farida Myburgh, Masimanyane Women’s Rights International, South Africa
233. Alexandra Asamoah, Ghana
234. Aziza Khalidi, Executive Director/Collective for Research and Training on Development Action – CRTDA, Lebanon
235. Marilyn Aitken, Women’s Leadership and Training Programme, South Africa
236. Bashiratu Kamal, General Agricultural Workers Union of TUC-Gh, Ghana
237. Haruna Yoda, Executive Director/Centre for Community Livelihood Development (CCLD), Ghana
238. Aumo Christine, Executive Director Of Isore Women Initiative For Sustainable Devt, Uganda
239. Kikiope Oluwarore, Head of Programs/Education as a Vaccine ((EVA), Nigeria
240. Michael Dagadu
241. Zeinabou Hadari
242. Lillian Mworeko, Executive Director, International Community Of Women Living With HIV Eastern Africa (ICWEA), Uganda
243. Inocência Mata, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
244. Cherifa Kheddar, Présidente de l’association Djazairouna des familles victimes du terrorisme islamiste Algérie
245. Mackins Pajibo, Program Officer/ Women Solidarity Incorporated, Liberia
246. Nina Hendricks, The Grail, South Africa
247. Wairimu Wahome, Executive Director, Coalition on Violence Against Women-COVAW, Kenya
248. Nnaceesay Marenah, Moonflower Montessori/CEO, Gambia
249. Women’s Coalition of Zimbabwe, Womens Coalition of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
250. Ummi Bukar, PAGED Initiative, Nigeria
251. Sarah Adeyinka, Nigeria/Belgium
252. gertrude fester, Aboriginal/Xarra Restorative Justice Forum, South Africa
253. Nadiatu Ali Dawud , Civil Society and Institutional Foundation /Acting Director, Ghana
254. Isabel Shawel, USA
255. Margaret Adhiambo, Pendeza Weaving Project, Kenya
256. Angela Gwaro, Programs Officer; Gender Violence Recovery Centre, Kenya
257. Prisca Tanui, Women Empowerment Group (WEG), Kenya
258. Shereen Usdin, Soul City Institute for Social Justice, South Africa
259. Carine Bahanag, Cameroun
260. Gorette NAKUNDI, Action De Solidarite Des Femmes Pour Le Developpement En Milieu Rural, ASOFED-MR asbl, République Démocratique du Congo
261. Donald Deya, Pan African Lawyers Union, Tanzania
262. Louise Nyota, Réseau Femme et Développement (REFED.NK) secrétaire Exécutive, RDCongo
263. Godelive Lugambo, Coordinatrice, Union Pour La Promotion Des Femmes, UPF asbl, République Démocratique du Congo
264. Viviene Taylor, Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era (DAWN), South Africa
265. Cynthia Eyakuze, Tanzania
266. Kiza Endani Rosette, Coordinatrice, SOS Secours A La Femme En Detresse, SOS SFD asbl, République Démocratique du Congo
267. Claire Mathonsi
268. Lana Razafimanantsoa, Madagascar
269. Beyonce Karungi, Executive Director; Transgender Equality Uganda (TEU), Uganda
270. Glanis Changachirere, Institute for Young Women Development, Zimbabwe
271. Nancy Akanbombire, African Women’s Development Fund, Ghana
272. Comfort Arms of Needy Children, Rights Organization, Malawi
273. Zenabou SEGDA, Women Environmental Programme Burkina, Burkina Faso
274. Prime Nkezumukama, Non Profit Organisation, Burundi
275. Titilope Akosa, Centre for 21st century Issues, Nigeria
276. Giscard MUKUCHA, YOUNG MEN ENGAGE FOR EQUALITY 2030, RDC
277. Judith MUKEINA, Solidarite Des Jeunes Filles Pour L’education Et L’integration Socioprofessionnelle, SOJFEP, RDC
278. Jeanne MUKUCHA, SOS Femmes Indigenes De Concessions Minieres (SOS FICOM), RDC
279. Alice FATUMA, Univers Des Filles, RDC
280. Rosebell Kagumire, Editor, African Feminism, Uganda
281. Fatimata SAVADOGO, Presidente/Groupement Feminin Pag-La-Naam, Burkina Faso
282. Ruth Mulenga , Coordinator /Twampane womens club, Zambia
283. Ntirampeba Espérance, sfbsp, Burundi
284. Nizigiyimana Francine, TDJ, Burundi
285. Patience Kemigisha, Communications Officer/Institute for Social Transformation, Uganda
286. Justine Riziki Marceline, PACOPA (Partenaires Contre La Pauvrete), RD CONGO
287. Samukeliso Khumalo, Executive Director, Zimbabwe
288. Yobana Millán Bustos, Red nacional de mujeres Afrocolombianas Kambirí, Colombianos
289. Ntomboxolo Makhutshi, Mothertongue Project Programme Manager, South Africa
290. Mercia Andrews, Southern Africa Rural Women’s Assembly, South Africa
291. Ndeye Marie Diedhiou Thiam, Plateforme des femmes pour la paix en Casamance, Sénégal
292. Alice Akoth Omondi, Director – Bethzatha HIV/AIDS Community Center, Kenya
293. ATEBA medjo Carine Michelle, Mengbwa actions jeunes, Cameroun
294. Cécile Thiombiano, Organisation pour de Nouvelles Initiatives en Developpement et Santé, Burkina Faso
295. Isatu Dumbuya, Center for Differently Abled Women (CDAW), Sierra Leone
296. Rokhaya Sy Gaye, Association Tournesol, Sénégal
297. Yenziwe Masuku
298. Perez Abeka, YWCAA – Co-Founder & Advisor, Kenya
299. Elizabeth N Ddungu, Nnabagereka Development Foundation, Uganda
300. Lindiwe Malindi, South Africa
301. Sara Bissrat Mersha, Director of Grantmaking and Advocacy, Grassroots International, US
302. Rose Mensah-Kutin, Abantu For Development, Ghana
303. Teopista Nakkungu, Chief Coordinator IWCA Uganda Chapter, Uganda
304. Aida Ndiaye, International consultant/Agrieconomist, Senegal
305. Peggy Otieno, Ag CEO- Young Women Campaign Against Aids, Kenya
306. Susan Atayo, Program Manager-Hesawa Foundation(HEFO), Uganda
307. Atia Apusigah , Netright Ghana , Ghana
308. Inviolata Mmbwavi, Executive Director- International Community of Women Living with HIV – Kenya Chapter ( ICWK), Kenya
309. الاستاذة/ وداد الصوراني
310. Siatta Scott Johnson, President Female Journalists Association of Liberia, Liberia
311. Eunice Mwende, Young Women Campaign against AIDS (YWCAA), Kenya
312. Volahery Andriamanantenasoa, CRAAD-OI, Madagascar
313. Robert Akeche, Young Women Campaign Against AIDS (AIDS), Kenya
314. Sherine Okong’o, Young Women Campaign Against AIDS (YWCAA), Kenya
315. Pemphero Chingamtolo, National Coordinator, Malawi
316. Emmaculate Mutheu, Young Women Campaign Against AIDS (YWCAA), Kenya
317. Pamela Elizabeth, Young Women Campaign Against AIDS (YWCAA), Kenya
318. Sarah Nalyanya, Grail international movement of Women, Kenya
319. Kafui ADJAMAGBO-JOHNSON, WiLDAF-AO, Togo
320. Pauline Makwaka, Senior Women Citizens for Change, Kenya
321. Dorothy Otieno, FEMNET, Kenya
322. Panashe Chigumadzi, Author, South Africa
323. Ndèye Gnilane FAYE, Présidente Association Actions pour le Développement du Sénégal (AADS), Sénégal
324. Christie Banda, Foundation for Civic Education and Social Empowerment, Malawi
325. Nicole Maloba, Program Officer- Economic Justice- FEMNET, Kenya
326. Toluwanimi Jaiyebo, Nigeria
327. Fatou Diouf, ENSEIGNANTE-CHERCHEURE/COFULEF
328. Josephine A. Brenda , Programme Coordinator Kared Fod Women Development Programme (KAWODEP), Kenya
329. Katherine Asuncion, Project Manager for Donor Engagement/ Grassroots International, United States
330. Marcela Riascos Arrechea , PCN – Proceso de comunidades negras , Colombia
331. Mina Remy, Grassroots International, United States
332. Sophie Efange, Policy Manager – Gender and Development Network, United Kingdom, Ethiopia, Cameroon
333. Vera Addo, Fellow, Moremi initiative for Women’s Leadership in Africa, Ghana
334. Mariama Jalloh, Executive Director//Polio Women & Girls Development Organisation//Ministry of Social Welfare Gender & Childrens Affairs, Sierra Leone Union on Disability, National Commission for Persons with Disability and Women Groups, Sierra Leone
335. Priscilla Usiobaifo, Executive Director, BraveHeart Initiative, Nigeria
336. Benitha  Uwamahoro, Women’s Health and Equal Rights Association Rwanda – WHERAR, Rwanda
337. Althea Anderson, US
338. Florence Akullo , Youth and Women for Opportunities Uganda, Uganda
339. Wangechi L Wachira
340. Rudo Chigudu, Feminist Action Campaign, Zimbabwe

https://femnet.org/2020/07/african-feminist-post-covid-19-economic-recovery-statement/?fbclid=IwAR1yTEkZMUbersylP_tnN9NZMM0vM2Xw8lXaBAtHxh7ZSARsveMRAqnyEGY